# Dataframe: `CAISO:caiso_fuel_mix` - CAISO Fuel Mix ## Description CAISO generation by fuel type at 5-minute resolution. Each row is one 5-minute interval, with one column per fuel category reporting the megawatts generated (or absorbed) by that category during the interval. This is a grid operational context dataset: it shows what was actually running on the CAISO system - solar and wind output, gas burn, battery charge/discharge, imports - which frames the price and spread behavior studied elsewhere in the project. ## Data Dictionary - **interval_start_utc**: `datetime64[ns]` Interval start, UTC (naive; no timezone offset) - **interval_end_utc**: `datetime64[ns]` Interval end = start + 5 minutes, UTC - **solar**: `float64` Solar generation, MW. Negative overnight (station consumption) - **wind**: `float64` Wind generation, MW - **geothermal**: `float64` Geothermal generation, MW - **biomass**: `float64` Biomass generation, MW - **biogas**: `float64` Biogas generation, MW - **small_hydro**: `float64` Small hydro generation, MW - **coal**: `float64` Coal generation, MW - **nuclear**: `float64` Nuclear generation, MW - **natural_gas**: `float64` Natural gas generation, MW - **large_hydro**: `float64` Large hydro generation, MW - **batteries**: `float64` Battery output, MW. Negative when charging, positive when discharging - **imports**: `float64` Imports into CAISO, MW - **other**: `float64` Other generation, MW ## Notes - Coverage begins 2018-04-10 and is extended through the present as new intervals publish. - All timestamps are naive UTC; local-time columns are not stored. Convert to US/Pacific at analysis time if needed. - `solar` goes negative overnight because idle solar plants draw station power from the grid. - `batteries` is signed: charging shows as negative MW, discharging as positive MW. ## Data Preview **Rows:** 880,737  |  **Columns:** 15  |  **Cache:** `data/opensource/caiso_fuel_mix.parquet` ### Sample rows First and latest 5 rows by `interval_start_utc`. | interval_start_utc | interval_end_utc | solar | wind | geothermal | biomass | biogas | small_hydro | coal | nuclear | natural_gas | large_hydro | batteries | imports | other | |----------------------|--------------------|---------|--------|--------------|-----------|----------|---------------|--------|-----------|---------------|---------------|-------------|-----------|---------| | 2018-04-10 07:00 | 2018-04-10 07:05 | 0.0 | 403.0 | 688.0 | 293.0 | 234.0 | 387.0 | -6.0 | 1616.0 | 8736.0 | 3428.0 | -8.0 | 7108.0 | 0.0 | | 2018-04-10 07:05 | 2018-04-10 07:10 | 0.0 | 418.0 | 689.0 | 296.0 | 232.0 | 370.0 | -6.0 | 1618.0 | 8722.0 | 3425.0 | 1.0 | 7029.0 | 0.0 | | 2018-04-10 07:10 | 2018-04-10 07:15 | 0.0 | 465.0 | 688.0 | 297.0 | 232.0 | 366.0 | -6.0 | 1619.0 | 8739.0 | 3464.0 | 6.0 | 6873.0 | 0.0 | | 2018-04-10 07:15 | 2018-04-10 07:20 | 0.0 | 395.0 | 687.0 | 296.0 | 232.0 | 369.0 | -6.0 | 1619.0 | 8696.0 | 3470.0 | -14.0 | 6744.0 | 0.0 | | 2018-04-10 07:20 | 2018-04-10 07:25 | 0.0 | 399.0 | 686.0 | 295.0 | 233.0 | 367.0 | -6.0 | 1616.0 | 8605.0 | 3454.0 | -38.0 | 6757.0 | 0.0 | | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | | 2026-08-27 06:35 | 2026-08-27 06:40 | -73.0 | 3318.0 | 766.0 | 235.0 | 158.0 | 269.0 | 0.0 | 2262.0 | 17589.0 | 2978.0 | 222.0 | 6793.0 | 0.0 | | 2026-08-27 06:40 | 2026-08-27 06:45 | -74.0 | 3323.0 | 766.0 | 238.0 | 160.0 | 268.0 | 0.0 | 2260.0 | 17777.0 | 2975.0 | 93.0 | 6463.0 | 0.0 | | 2026-08-27 06:45 | 2026-08-27 06:50 | -73.0 | 3312.0 | 766.0 | 238.0 | 158.0 | 269.0 | 0.0 | 2262.0 | 17890.0 | 2966.0 | -131.0 | 6358.0 | 0.0 | | 2026-08-27 06:50 | 2026-08-27 06:55 | -73.0 | 3304.0 | 764.0 | 238.0 | 159.0 | 268.0 | 0.0 | 2262.0 | 17992.0 | 2958.0 | -497.0 | 6378.0 | 0.0 | | 2026-08-27 06:55 | 2026-08-27 07:00 | -72.0 | 3328.0 | 762.0 | 234.0 | 157.0 | 269.0 | 0.0 | 2262.0 | 18069.0 | 2892.0 | -635.0 | 6213.0 | 0.0 | ### Column summary | Column | Dtype | Nulls | Min | Max | |----------------------|----------------|---------|------------------|------------------| | `interval_start_utc` | `Datetime[ns]` | 0 | 2018-04-10 07:00 | 2026-08-27 06:55 | | `interval_end_utc` | `Datetime[ns]` | 0 | 2018-04-10 07:05 | 2026-08-27 07:00 | | `solar` | `Float64` | 288 | -321.0 | 23828.0 | | `wind` | `Float64` | 0 | -2476.0 | 36275.0 | | `geothermal` | `Float64` | 289 | -784.0 | 1136.0 | | `biomass` | `Float64` | 1070 | -278.0 | 509.0 | | `biogas` | `Float64` | 1075 | 78.0 | 1842.0 | | `small_hydro` | `Float64` | 0 | -2826.0 | 431490.0 | | `coal` | `Float64` | 0 | -10.0 | 91.0 | | `nuclear` | `Float64` | 0 | -74.0 | 2330.0 | | `natural_gas` | `Float64` | 288 | -280718.0 | 26697.0 | | `large_hydro` | `Float64` | 0 | -635.0 | 6362.0 | | `batteries` | `Float64` | 0 | -11134.0 | 13441.0 | | `imports` | `Float64` | 288 | -22949.0 | 12073.0 | | `other` | `Float64` | 288 | 0.0 | 2.0 | ## DataFrame Glimpse ``` Rows: 880737 Columns: 15 $ interval_start_utc 2026-08-27 06:55:00 $ interval_end_utc 2026-08-27 07:00:00 $ solar -72.0 $ wind 3328.0 $ geothermal 762.0 $ biomass 234.0 $ biogas 157.0 $ small_hydro 269.0 $ coal 0.0 $ nuclear 2262.0 $ natural_gas 18069.0 $ large_hydro 2892.0 $ batteries -635.0 $ imports 6213.0 $ other 0.0 ``` ## Dataframe Manifest | Dataframe Name | CAISO Fuel Mix | |--------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Dataframe ID | [caiso_fuel_mix](../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_fuel_mix.md) | | Data Sources | caiso.com Today's Outlook (fuel source) | | Data Providers | CAISO | | Links to Providers | https://www.caiso.com | | Topic Tags | Generation, Grid Context | | Type of Data Access | | | How is data pulled? | src/pulls/pull_caiso_fuel_mix.py via the open-source gridstatus library | | Data available up to (min) | N/A | | Data available up to (max) | N/A | | Dataframe Path | data\opensource\caiso_fuel_mix.parquet | **Linked Charts:** - [CAISO:caiso_fuel_mix](../../charts/CAISO.caiso_fuel_mix.md) ## Pipeline Manifest | Pipeline Name | Project-Lab-Energy-Weather-Natgas-Quanto-CAISO | |---------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------| | Pipeline ID | [CAISO](../../../index.md) | | Lead Pipeline Developer | Brian Nguyen | | Contributors | Brian Nguyen, Claire Kim | | Git Repo URL | | | Pipeline Web Page | Pipeline Web Page | | Date of Last Code Update | 2026-08-27 10:08:05 | | OS Compatibility | Windows, Linux, macOS | | Linked Dataframes | [CAISO:caiso_lmp_day_ahead_hourly](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_lmp_day_ahead_hourly.md)
[CAISO:caiso_lmp_real_time_15_min](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_lmp_real_time_15_min.md)
[CAISO:caiso_lmp_real_time_5_min](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_lmp_real_time_5_min.md)
[CAISO:caiso_fuel_prices](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_fuel_prices.md)
[CAISO:caiso_fuel_regions](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_fuel_regions.md)
[CAISO:caiso_load](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_load.md)
[CAISO:caiso_load_hourly](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_load_hourly.md)
[CAISO:caiso_fuel_mix](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_fuel_mix.md)
[CAISO:caiso_renewables_hourly](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_renewables_hourly.md)
[CAISO:caiso_curtailed_non_operational_generator_report](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_curtailed_non_operational_generator_report.md)
[CAISO:caiso_outages_aggregated_hourly](../../dataframes/CAISO/caiso_outages_aggregated_hourly.md)
[CAISO:openmeteo_temperature_daily](../../dataframes/CAISO/openmeteo_temperature_daily.md)
[CAISO:eia860m_generators](../../dataframes/CAISO/eia860m_generators.md)
[CAISO:us_ba_boundaries](../../dataframes/CAISO/us_ba_boundaries.md)
| **Build Commands:** ``` doit ```